Across Canada, plastic surgery includes a wide range of procedures that can refine, rebuild, or enhance the face and body. Some procedures are known as cosmetic, meaning they are chosen to improve how a person looks. Reconstructive plastic surgery may be used after injury, cancer, birth differences, burns, or medical conditions to help rebuild form or function.
Plastic surgery searches in Canada often come from many different needs. Some want to look more refreshed. For others, the goal is to restore body shape after pregnancy, weight loss, or aging. Other patients need help after trauma, skin cancer, breast cancer, or a congenital concern. Your anatomy, goals, health, lifestyle, and recovery time all help guide the right procedure.
This page explains the main types of plastic surgery procedures in Canada, with sections on facial surgery, breast surgery, body contouring, reconstructive surgery, and non-surgical cosmetic treatments. It also reviews what to consider before booking a consultation.
Cosmetic Plastic Surgery vs. Reconstructive Plastic Surgery
Plastic surgery is often divided into two main categories, cosmetic surgery and reconstructive surgery.
Cosmetic Surgery
The main focus of cosmetic plastic surgery is appearance. Because cosmetic surgery is usually elective, it is planned by choice and is not normally medically required.
Common reasons for cosmetic plastic surgery include:
- Creating a more balanced face
- Reducing signs of aging
- Creating a more balanced body shape
- Improving volume changes after weight loss or pregnancy
- Changing the shape of the nose, eyelids, ears, lips, breasts, abdomen, arms, or thighs
- Helping patients feel better in clothing
- Supporting confidence with natural-looking changes
Most cosmetic surgery procedures in Canada are private-pay services. Costs may vary based on the procedure, surgeon, surgical facility, anesthesia, follow-up care, and location.
What Is Reconstructive Plastic Surgery?
Reconstructive plastic surgery focuses on restoring normal form and function. Reconstructive procedures may be recommended after cancer surgery, trauma, burns, infections, birth differences, or medical conditions.
Common reconstructive procedures include:
- Breast reconstruction after removal of breast tissue
- Skin cancer reconstruction after skin cancer excision
- Cleft lip or palate repair
- Burn scar reconstruction
- Reconstructive hand surgery
- Scar repair or revision
- Repair of wounds
- Repair after facial trauma
- Repair of congenital differences
Provincial health plans may cover some reconstructive procedures when they are medically necessary. Procedures done only to improve appearance are usually not covered.
Common Facial Plastic Surgery Options
Facial plastic surgery may improve facial balance, soften signs of aging, and help restore a refreshed look. For many patients, the goal is not to look like another person. The most pleasing results are often natural-looking and balanced.
Rhytidectomy, Commonly Called Facelift Surgery
Sagging in the lower face and jawline may be plastic surgery near me improved with a facelift, also called rhytidectomy. Patients may choose facelift surgery for jowls, loose facial skin, and deeper folds near the mouth.
A facelift may address:
- Softness or jowling at the jawline
- Loose skin in the lower face
- Deep smile lines
- Cheek tissue that has dropped
- Poor definition between the face and neck
Many modern facelift techniques focus on deeper support layers under the skin. By supporting deeper tissues, the result may look smoother, more natural, and longer-lasting. A facelift can be part of a larger facial rejuvenation plan that includes a neck lift, eyelid surgery, brow lift, or facial fat grafting.
Neck Lift Surgery for Jawline and Neck Definition
Loose skin, muscle bands, and fullness under the chin may be improved with a neck lift. The medical term for tightening the neck muscle is platysmaplasty.
Patients may consider a neck lift for:
- Neck bands
- Neck skin laxity
- A soft or undefined jawline
- Under-chin fullness
- A neck that looks loose or heavy
Skin and muscle tightening may both be needed in certain patients. Others may benefit from liposuction under the chin. Because the face and neck often age together, a facelift and neck lift may be planned together.
Eyelid Surgery (Blepharoplasty)
Blepharoplasty, commonly called eyelid surgery, can improve tired-looking eyes by removing or adjusting extra eyelid skin, fat, or tissue.
Common upper eyelid concerns include:
- Heavy upper eyelids
- Redundant upper eyelid skin
- A more tired or older eye appearance
- Extra skin that sits against the eyelashes
- Functional vision concerns in some patients
Lower eyelid surgery can address:
- Bags under the eyes
- Lower eyelid puffiness
- Lower eyelid skin laxity
- Dark-looking shadows under the eyes
- Eyes that still look tired after rest
Eyelid surgery is one of the most common facial procedures because small eye-area changes can make the face look more rested.
Brow Lift Surgery (Forehead Lift)
A brow lift, also called a forehead lift, raises a low or heavy brow. This can help improve the upper eye area and ease a heavy forehead look.
A brow lift may help with:
- Low or drooping eyebrows
- A heavy upper eyelid look caused by brow position
- Lines across the forehead
- Vertical lines between the brows
- A facial expression that appears tired, sad, or serious
A brow lift should not be confused with eyelid surgery. A brow lift focuses on eyebrow position, while eyelid surgery focuses on extra eyelid skin. A consultation can help decide whether eyelid surgery, a brow lift, or both is the better fit.
Cosmetic and Functional Rhinoplasty
The shape, size, or structure of the nose can be changed with rhinoplasty, often called a nose job. It can be cosmetic, functional, or both.
Common rhinoplasty concerns include:
- A raised bridge bump
- A downward-pointing nasal tip
- A boxy nasal tip
- A nose that is not straight
- Nasal size or projection
- An uneven-looking nose
- Nasal breathing concerns linked to anatomy
Structural breathing issues may require work on the septum, the wall between the nostrils. The medical term for septum surgery is septoplasty. Appearance is the focus of cosmetic rhinoplasty, while airflow is the focus of functional nasal surgery.
Ear Surgery (Otoplasty)
Ear surgery, also called otoplasty, changes the shape, position, or size of the ears. Otoplasty is often chosen for ears that stick out.
Patients may consider otoplasty for:
- Protruding ears
- Uneven ears
- Large cartilage folds in the ears
- Ears that sit far from the head
- Earlobe appearance concerns
Ear surgery can be considered for adults as well as children. When otoplasty is considered for a child, timing is based on ear growth, maturity, and family goals.
Upper Lip Lift Surgery
Lip lift surgery shortens the area between the upper lip and the base of the nose. Clinically, this measurement is often called the upper lip length. This surgery may reveal more of the upper lip without using filler.
Lip lift surgery can help improve:
- Upper lip length that looks long
- Less upper tooth visibility with a smile
- Limited visible upper lip
- Lip proportions that feel unbalanced
- Changes around the mouth from aging
A surgical lip lift and lip filler are different treatments. Filler is used to add volume. Lip lift surgery adjusts the position and shape of the upper lip.
Facial Implants for Balance
Implants can be used to improve facial balance in the chin, cheeks, or jawline. Chin surgery can improve facial profile balance when the chin looks small compared with the nose or other features.
Facial implant options may include:
- Chin augmentation implants
- Cheek implant surgery
- Implants for the jawline
In some cases, chin surgery may be combined with rhinoplasty because the nose and chin affect facial balance in profile view.
Fat Grafting to the Face
A patient’s own fat can be used in facial fat grafting to restore volume. Fat is usually taken from areas such as the abdomen or thighs, processed, and placed into the face.
Fat grafting to the face can help improve:
- Hollows in the cheeks
- Hollows beneath the eyes
- Lost facial volume due to aging
- Soft tissue thinning
- Facial volume imbalance
Facial fat grafting can be performed by itself or with procedures such as facelift surgery, eyelid surgery, or other facial surgery.
Breast Cosmetic and Reconstructive Surgery
Many patients in Canada consider breast surgery for cosmetic or reconstructive reasons. Patients may want to increase breast volume, reduce breast size, lift the breasts, improve symmetry, or restore the breast after cancer surgery.
Breast Augmentation Surgery
Breast augmentation increases breast size and shape using implants or fat transfer. Breast implants may be filled with saline or silicone gel. Implant choice depends on body type, breast tissue, goals, and surgeon guidance.
Breast augmentation may address:
- Small natural breast size
- Volume loss after pregnancy
- Breast volume loss after weight change
- Breast size or shape imbalance
- Desire for more fullness in clothing
A common concern is whether breast augmentation will look too large or unnatural. A natural-looking plan should consider chest width, skin quality, lifestyle, and long-term maintenance.
Breast Lift Surgery, Also Called Mastopexy
A breast lift, also called mastopexy, raises and reshapes breasts that have dropped. A lift changes position and shape rather than mainly adding volume. Its main goal is better breast position and shape.
A breast lift may address:
- Breasts that sag
- Nipples that sit low or point down
- Areolas that have stretched
- Loose breast skin
- Post-pregnancy, breastfeeding, or weight-loss breast changes
For patients who want more fullness, implants may be added to a breast lift. Some patients choose a breast lift without implants for a more natural result.
Breast Reduction for Comfort and Shape
Breast reduction removes extra breast tissue, fat, and skin to make the breasts smaller, lighter, and more balanced.
Breast reduction surgery can help improve:
- Neck strain
- Pain in the shoulders
- Back strain
- Grooves from bra straps
- Rashes under the breasts
- Trouble exercising
- Problems with clothing fit
Some breast reduction procedures in Canada may be considered medically necessary. Provincial rules, symptoms, and medical assessment all affect coverage.
Breast Implant Revision Procedure
Surgery to adjust or replace existing breast implants is called breast implant revision. It may be done for cosmetic reasons or medical concerns.
Patients may consider revision for:
- Desire to change implant size
- An implant that has ruptured
- Capsular contracture, where scar tissue around an implant becomes firm
- Breast implant movement
- Breasts that look uneven
- Breast changes over time after augmentation
- Breast implant removal
Some patients choose implant removal with a lift. Others choose new implants with a different size, shape, or placement.
Breast Reconstruction Surgery
Breast reconstruction rebuilds the breast after mastectomy or lumpectomy. The procedure may be done with implants, natural tissue, or a combined approach.
Breast reconstruction may use:
- Implant-supported breast reconstruction
- Flap-based reconstruction
- Reconstruction of the nipple and areola
- Fat transfer to the breast
- Revision surgery to improve symmetry
Choosing reconstruction is deeply personal. For some patients, reconstruction feels right. Some patients decide not to rebuild the breast and remain flat. Both paths are valid and personal.
Male Chest Reduction Surgery
Male breast reduction, also called gynecomastia surgery, treats enlarged male breast tissue. Liposuction, gland removal, or a combination may be used.
Patients may consider gynecomastia surgery for:
- Fullness around the nipples
- Firm tissue beneath the nipple-areola area
- Chest fullness
- Uneven shape across the male chest
- Discomfort being shirtless, exercising, or wearing fitted shirts
The cause of fullness, whether fat, gland tissue, loose skin, or a mix, guides the best technique.
Plastic Surgery Procedures for Body Shape
Extra skin, stubborn fat, or loose tissue may be improved with body contouring surgery. Body contouring is common after changes from pregnancy, aging, or major weight loss.
Tummy Tuck Procedure
A tummy tuck or abdominoplasty removes loose abdominal skin and tightens the abdominal wall. Separated abdominal muscles, called diastasis recti, can also be repaired during the procedure.
A tummy tuck may address:
- Loose skin on the abdomen
- An overhang in the lower belly
- Stretch-marked skin under the belly button
- Abdominal muscle separation
- Loose abdominal tissue after pregnancy or weight loss
A tummy tuck is not a weight-loss procedure. It is best for patients who are near a stable weight and want to improve abdominal shape.
Liposuction
A cannula, which is a thin tube, is used in liposuction to remove localized fat. It is used for body contouring rather than general weight loss.
Common liposuction areas include:
- Stomach area
- Flank areas
- The hips
- Thigh areas
- Upper arms
- Back
- Chin and neck
- Chest
- Fat around the knees
Good skin tone matters. If the skin is loose, liposuction by itself may not be enough. In those cases, skin removal surgery may be needed.
Post-Pregnancy Body Contouring
A mommy makeover is tailored to the patient and may treat changes from pregnancy, breastfeeding, or weight change. Breast and abdominal procedures are often combined in a mommy makeover.
A mommy makeover may include:
- A tummy tuck procedure
- Breast lift
- Breast augmentation
- Surgical breast size reduction
- Liposuction
- Fat transfer
The name can be misleading because the procedure is not only for mothers. It is really a custom body contouring plan for patients with similar concerns. A safe plan depends on the patient’s health, goals, recovery time, and plans for future pregnancy.
Brachioplasty, or Arm Lift Surgery
Brachioplasty, commonly called an arm lift, removes extra skin from the upper arms.
Arm lift surgery can help improve:
- Hanging upper arm skin
- Loose upper arm skin after weight loss
- Arm skin changes over time
- Trouble feeling comfortable in sleeveless shirts
- Skin rubbing and irritation
The improved arm shape comes with a scar along the inner or back portion of the arm. For many patients, the improved shape is worth the scar, but this should be discussed carefully.
Thigh Lift Surgery
Loose thigh skin can be removed with a thigh lift. Thigh lift surgery is common after significant weight loss.
Common thigh lift concerns include:
- Loose skin on the inner thighs
- Thigh skin rubbing
- Poor fit in pants
- Heaviness in the thighs from loose skin
- Loose thigh skin after bariatric surgery or weight loss
There are several thigh lift patterns. How much skin needs removal and where the looseness sits will guide the best option.
Body Contouring Lift
A body lift improves lower-body contour by removing excess skin. It can improve the abdomen, hips, outer thighs, buttocks, and lower back.
A body lift may be considered after:
- Significant weight loss
- Post-bariatric body changes
- Body changes related to pregnancy
- Aging changes with loose skin
Body lift surgery is more extensive, so recovery is usually longer. The best candidates are usually in good health and at a stable weight.
Fat Grafting to the Body
Fat can be moved from one body area to another with fat grafting. It can be used to add natural volume or improve contour.
Fat grafting may be used in areas such as:
- Breast volume
- Buttock contour
- Hip volume
- Facial soft tissue
- Contour changes after surgery or injury
Fat grafting is natural in the sense that it uses your own tissue, but not all of the fat remains long term. Fat grafting results can evolve, so repeat treatment may be needed for some patients.
Skin, Scar, and Surface Procedures
Skin surface concerns, scars, and soft tissue problems may also be treated with plastic surgery.
Scar Revision Surgery
The look or feel of a scar may be improved with scar revision. It may not remove the scar completely, but it can make it less raised, tight, wide, or noticeable.
Scar revision surgery can help improve:
- Surgery-related scars
- Scarring after an injury
- Scars from burns
- Thickened scars
- Tight or pulling scars
- Scars that pull during movement
Depending on the scar, treatment may include surgery, copyright injections, laser treatment, silicone therapy, or combined care.
Skin Lesion Removal Procedures
Plastic surgeons often remove benign skin lesions, cysts, moles, and lumps when a careful closure is important. Some lesions need medical assessment to rule out skin cancer.
Common reasons for removal include:
- Skin irritation
- A lesion that is getting larger
- Recurrent bleeding
- Concern about how it looks
- Medical diagnosis
- Relief from discomfort
A qualified medical professional should assess any changing mole or suspicious skin lesion.
Skin Cancer Repair and Reconstruction
After skin cancer removal, reconstruction may be needed to close the area and restore appearance. Common areas include the face, nose, eyelids, ears, lips, scalp, and hands.
Skin cancer reconstruction can involve:
- A direct closure
- Using a skin graft
- Reconstruction with local flaps
- A more complex repair
Skin cancer reconstruction aims to support safe cancer removal while protecting function and appearance.
Non-Surgical Cosmetic Treatments
Surgery is not needed for every patient. Early signs of aging, facial lines, volume loss, and skin quality concerns may be improved with non-surgical cosmetic treatments. These treatments usually have less downtime, but results are more temporary.
BOTOX Cosmetic Treatments
Selected facial muscles can be relaxed with BOTOX and other neuromodulators. These treatments are often used to soften expression lines.
Patients may consider neuromodulators for:
- Frown lines
- Horizontal forehead lines
- Outer eye wrinkles
- Expression lines on the nose
- Peau d’orange chin texture
- Neck muscle bands in some situations
Results are temporary and usually require repeat treatments. Most patients want a softer, rested look rather than a frozen face.
Dermal Fillers
Volume can be restored or added with dermal fillers. Hyaluronic acid, a gel-like substance used to shape and support soft tissue, is common in dermal fillers.
Dermal filler treatment may involve:
- The lips
- The cheeks
- Chin
- Jawline contour
- Under-eye hollowing
- Nasolabial folds
- Marionette lines
Good filler planning depends on the right product, careful injection technique, facial anatomy, and clear goals. Too much filler can look unnatural, which makes conservative planning important.
Skin Peels
Chemical peel treatment uses a controlled solution to refresh the outer skin layers.
Chemical peels may address:
- Uneven colour
- Skin dullness
- Early fine lines
- Skin changes from sun exposure
- Mild marks from acne
- Skin texture concerns
Chemical peels can range from light treatments to deeper treatments. Downtime depends on how strong the peel is.
Laser, IPL, and Radiofrequency Skin Treatments
Laser and energy-based treatments may improve skin tone, redness, texture, hair growth, scars, and signs of aging.
Laser and energy-based options may include:
- Resurfacing laser treatment
- IPL, or intense pulsed light
- RF skin treatments
- Skin tightening procedures
- Laser treatment for unwanted hair
- Laser treatment for redness and broken vessels
A safe plan should match the treatment to skin type, skin tone, and the specific concern. This is especially important for patients with darker skin tones, where pigment changes can be a risk.
Dermabrasion and Microdermabrasion
Dermabrasion is a deeper resurfacing procedure that removes outer skin layers. Microdermabrasion is a lighter, more superficial treatment.
These resurfacing treatments can improve:
- Skin texture
- Minor acne scarring
- A dull complexion
- Uneven surface
- Fine lines
Skin quality, goals, downtime, and risk tolerance help determine the right choice.
Choosing the Right Plastic Surgery Procedure
The right procedure should be chosen based on the concern, not just the procedure name. A patient may request one procedure, then find out that a different option fits their anatomy better.
Common examples include:
- Heavy upper lids can be caused by extra eyelid skin, a low brow, or both.
- A soft jawline may be caused by loose skin, neck bands, fat, or chin position.
- A full abdomen can be caused by fat, loose skin, muscle separation, or internal weight.
- A flat breast shape may be treated with a breast lift, breast augmentation, fat grafting, or a combined plan.
- A baggy under-eye look may be related to fat, hollowing, loose skin, or skin colour changes.
A good treatment plan should answer three questions:
- What is the cause of the concern?
- Which procedure treats that cause best?
- What benefits and limits come with that procedure?
Those trade-offs may include scars, downtime, swelling, cost, maintenance, and possible complications.
Common Questions and Concerns Before Plastic Surgery
Most patients have mixed feelings before plastic surgery. It is normal to feel excited and nervous at the same time. Many patients worry about safety, pain, scars, recovery, cost, and whether the outcome will look natural.
“Will I Look Natural After Surgery?”
This concern comes up often. Most people want to look like a refreshed version of themselves, not like someone else. Natural-looking plastic surgery should respect your facial features, body frame, age, and personal style.
A healthy goal is often improved balance instead of perfection.
“When Can I Return to Normal Activities?”
The recovery period depends on which procedure is done. Little or no downtime may be needed after many non-surgical treatments. A tummy tuck, body lift, or mommy makeover is more involved and needs more planning.
Patients should usually expect:
- Swelling and bruising
- Restrictions on exercise or lifting
- Recovery time before returning to work
- Follow-up visits
- Scar care
- Careful return to exercise
- Results that take time to settle
Recovery does not happen instantly. Many procedures look better over weeks and months.
“How Noticeable Will Scars Be?”
Any surgical cut leaves some type of scar. A good plan places scars as carefully as possible and supports healing.
Many factors affect scar quality, including:
- How your body naturally scars
- Skin tone
- The kind of surgery performed
- Incision placement
- Tension along the incision
- Smoking and vaping status
- How much sun the scar gets
- Post-surgery aftercare
Scars usually fade over time, but they do not disappear completely.
“How Safe Is Plastic Surgery?”
Every operation has possible risks. Possible risks include bleeding, infection, poor scarring, anesthesia problems, asymmetry, delayed healing, numbness, fluid buildup, and dissatisfaction with the result.
Many factors affect plastic surgery safety, including:
- General health
- Medications you take
- Smoking, vaping, or nicotine exposure
- The planned procedure
- The facility where surgery is done
- The anesthesia approach
- The qualifications of the surgeon
- Your follow-up care
A careful consultation should review benefits, risks, alternatives, and realistic expectations.
Important Plastic Surgery Information for Canadian Patients
In Canada, plastic surgery is regulated through medical licensing, provincial colleges, hospitals, surgical facilities, and professional standards. Patients should know the difference between marketing terms and recognized medical training.
Finding a Qualified Plastic Surgeon
If you are researching plastic surgery in Canada, look closely at training and credentials. A plastic surgeon should have medical training, surgical training, and certification in plastic surgery.
Patients may want to ask:
- Are you certified as a plastic surgeon?
- Are you licensed to practise in this province?
- Do you perform this procedure often?
- Where will the procedure take place?
- Who is responsible for anesthesia care?
- What complications should I understand for my situation?
- What is the plan if there is a complication?
- How often will I be seen after surgery?
- Can I see examples of similar cases?
These questions are not meant to be difficult. It is about knowing what to expect before moving forward.
What Affects Plastic Surgery Fees in Canada
Cosmetic surgery costs in Canada can vary widely. The final cost may include procedure complexity, surgeon experience, anesthesia, facility fees, implants or devices, garments, follow-up care, and location.
Large Canadian cities, including Vancouver, Toronto, Calgary, Edmonton, Ottawa, and Montreal, may have higher fees because overhead and demand are higher. Costs may vary in smaller Canadian cities, but price should not outweigh safety, training, and follow-up care.
A very low price may be a warning sign if safety, training, facility standards, or aftercare are being reduced.
Choosing Surgery in Canada vs. Abroad
Some patients in Canada consider medical tourism to save money on surgery. Lower cost may be appealing, but surgery abroad can come with extra risks.
Patients should think about medical tourism concerns such as:
- Difficulty getting follow-up care
- Travel during early recovery
- Higher concern about infection
- Medical standards that may differ
- Challenges getting procedure records
- Difficulty managing complications back in Canada
- Difficulty communicating clearly
- Unexpected revision costs
Surgery closer to home can make follow-up care easier if swelling, healing concerns, or complications happen.
Getting Ready for a Plastic Surgery Consultation
A consultation gives you the chance to learn what is possible, safe, and realistic. It should not feel rushed or high-pressure.
Before the visit, preparation can help:
- List your main concerns before the visit.
- Bring a list of medications and supplements.
- Prepare to discuss your medical history.
- Be honest about smoking, vaping, cannabis use, and nicotine exposure.
- Reference photos can be helpful if they explain your goals.
- Make sure you ask about recovery time, scars, risks, and alternatives.
- Find out what result is realistic for your anatomy.
A strong consultation includes clear discussion of treatment options. Sometimes the best advice is to wait, choose a smaller treatment, improve health first, or avoid surgery altogether.
Good Candidates for Plastic Surgery
Good candidates for plastic surgery are typically healthy, informed, and realistic. They understand surgery can improve appearance, but it cannot create perfection or solve every life concern.
You may be a suitable candidate if:
- You are in good general health
- You can explain a clear concern
- Your weight is stable for body surgery
- You do not smoke or can stop before and after surgery
- You understand the recovery process
- You understand and accept the trade-offs
- You want the procedure for yourself
- Your expectations are realistic
A safer plan may involve waiting if you are pregnant, planning major weight loss, using nicotine, managing unstable health, or feeling pressured.
Can Plastic Surgery Procedures Be Combined?
Certain procedures can be safely combined. Others should be staged. Combined surgery can reduce overall downtime, but it can also increase surgical time and recovery demands.
Plastic surgery procedures that are often combined include:
- A facelift with a neck lift
- Eyelid surgery with a brow lift
- Profile balancing with rhinoplasty and chin surgery
- Breast lift with breast augmentation
- Combining tummy tuck and liposuction
- Combined mommy makeover procedures
- Body lift with thigh or arm contouring
- Facial surgery with fat grafting
Your health, procedure length, anesthesia, recovery support, and risk level all affect the safest plan.
Final Thoughts About Plastic Surgery Procedure Types in Canada
Across Canada, plastic surgery includes many procedures for cosmetic and reconstructive needs. Some improve the face, breasts, or body. Some procedures restore tissue after cancer, injury, burns, or medical conditions. Non-surgical treatments may also help with wrinkles, volume loss, skin texture, and early aging changes.
The right procedure is not always the most popular option. A good procedure choice fits the patient’s anatomy, goals, health, and comfort level.
A thoughtful plan should focus on safety, natural-looking results, clear expectations, and proper follow-up care. For procedures such as eyelid surgery, rhinoplasty, breast augmentation, tummy tuck, liposuction, facelift surgery, or reconstructive plastic surgery, the first step is education about benefits and limits.